Series 3 Ute Body on D1 Chassis

[Lionelgee]

Hello All,

Does anyone on AULRO have a Series cab ute body on a Discovery 1 rolling chassis?

I have a vague recollection that there is one here on AULRO..

I also found RoverSmith's link to a D2 which has been modified to a ute configuration - accessed 7th of May 2020 from, Discovery 2a ute (https://www.aulro.com/afvb/members-rides/33722-discovery-2a-ute-post482646.html#post482646)

Kind regards
Lionel

[Slunnie]

Out of interest, what for?

I've got a County V8 rolling chassis that I may rebuild a Series onto also. The County chassis I think is a far easier way to get a coiler Series, but a lot also like the Disco 100" wheelbase.

[pop058]

There are probably a few around. IIRC Mick Marsh has a Series body on a Rangie chassis (very similar to D1)

[V8Ian]

Cooper also had a cheque book conversion done, years ago.
It's quite doable. Another project, Lionel?

[Lionelgee]

Hello All,

I have been searching for 300TDI for my Series 3 long wheel base tray-back ute for about 8 years. The ute was originally fitted with a six cylinder 2.6 Litre Land Rover petrol motor. When I bought the ute it came with a Holden 202 that a previous owner had installed. This ute represents a large ... gigantic ... amount of unfinished business to me.

I also want something that I can throw stuff into the back of, like branches in the paddock, or being able to go to a landscape suppliers and get gravel. Without the need of hooking up a trailer. Something I could transfer my ute crane on to and go and pick up an engine with or other awkward load. My career was in local government Parks & Gardens - I drove utes all the time.... I like utes.

Yes - they did make Defender utes - however even old ones hold their value too well.

Today, I found a 300 tdi motor with only 230K on it. The trouble is that the motor came with a vehicle attached to it. After taking the vehicle for a drive - admittedly in a paddock - I am starting to think that it is too good to wreck the whole vehicle.

Then there is the putting a 300TDI into a leaf sprung, single circuit drum braked, no power steering chassis. As well as no air conditioning. It is hard not to think that this represents a string of minus points and it relates to taking a backward step.

I have some really good ute Series 3 cab bodies ...

I bought a number of items that can do sheet metal shaping work from Hare & Forbes...

I hope my skill-set matches my ambitions.

Kind regards
Lionel

[pop058]

What sort of budget are your considering ( rhetorical question) to modify and comply a Hybrid as compared to finding an old defender.


edit: there are still out there [biggrin]

160601

[Lionelgee]

What sort of budget are your considering ( rhetorical question) to modify and comply a Hybrid as compared to finding an old defender.


edit: there are still out there [biggrin]

160601

Hello Paul,

Thanks for the reply. Yes - I have been casting a weathered eye out in Defender Ute land. So far there have been some nibbles. However, to date I have been too slow; or they have been too far away distance wise - or combinations of both. Or they are simply too far gone to be viable propositions.

Have you checked your PMs of late?

Kind regards
Lionel

[Slunnie]

You could run Series 3 power brakes and parabolics. To get PAS you might be able to adapt another PAS box but the front Xmember might be in the way for an inboard steering box. , I've use Toyota but it was a whole different setup. AC I don't think you will get whichever way you go. Looking at all of the options, to do similar but with a V8 conversion, I ended up getting a County rolling chassis and a D1 donor vehicle which I'm hoping is a far easier and far more bolt up conversion. I think it will be a lot more realistic in terms of cost and completion for me at least. Out of interest, I did pick up an old Army AC unit I think it is. I'm not sure where its from and it looks like it sits between the front seats (correct me if needed) but something like that may be an AC option also,.

[Lionelgee]

Hello Slunnie,

Thank you for your suggestion of how to modify the Series III.

The other option could be to just transplant the 300 tdi and accept the Series III ute and all its foibles.... or get a Defender ute.

I am in no hurry. I have registered vehicles that can be driven on the road and each has a towbar that can tow my box trailers with.

The word "need" is not associated with the process - nor the word "hurry". Hmmm nor, possibly the word "sanity" either.

Kind regards
Lionel

[Lionelgee]

Hello All,

Here are a couple of photos of the previously mentioned D1. There are some as per standard rust bubbles at the bottom of the Alpine windows. Otherwise the panel work is all straight.

Oh yes - the battery was liberated by the PO. I tried fitting an N70 into the battery holder however it seemed to be too big. Should an N70 battery fit into the D1 made in 1976. If not what is the correct sized battery?

Kind regards
Lionel

[V8Ian]

Lionel, before getting too carried away or spending much money on the D1, check the floor for rust. Look carefully, particularly above the fuel tank and the front passenger footwell.

[Tote]

You could run Series 3 power brakes and parabolics. To get PAS you might be able to adapt another PAS box but the front Xmember might be in the way for an inboard steering box. , I've use Toyota but it was a whole different setup. AC I don't think you will get whichever way you go. Looking at all of the options, to do similar but with a V8 conversion, I ended up getting a County rolling chassis and a D1 donor vehicle which I'm hoping is a far easier and far more bolt up conversion. I think it will be a lot more realistic in terms of cost and completion for me at least. Out of interest, I did pick up an old Army AC unit I think it is. I'm not sure where its from and it looks like it sits between the front seats (correct me if needed) but something like that may be an AC option also,.

Is the D1 the three door ? I'd have thought it would be worth keeping intact as a curiosity, not many of the later model ones around....

Regards,
Tote

[goingbush]

I put a SWB Series2 onto a RRC chassis in the 1980's , but I cut 10" out of the chassis , its not difficult only took a couple of weeks, no youtube back then.

One option for my next project will be putting Series3 Tray onto a D1 V8, keeping it 100" and replacing the tray with a shortened 109 tub .

I'll have chat about it to my VASS engineer when I'm getting my Dodge inspected.

[Lionelgee]

Lionel, before getting too carried away or spending much money on the D1, check the floor for rust. Look carefully, particularly above the fuel tank and the front passenger footwell.

Hello Ian,

Expenditure on the D1 will be a battery. Just to be able to keep the engine serviceable and so car can be driven around instead of sitting idle. My main intention was the engine. The body was part of a job lot.

The D1 can tow the trailer around the paddock when I fill some hollows in. I don't want to get the Jeep dirty [bigsmile1]

Kind regards
Lionel

[Slunnie]

Is the D1 the three door ? I'd have thought it would be worth keeping intact as a curiosity, not many of the later model ones around....

Regards,
Tote

Oh god no, I'm so excited about that. That one will be cleaned out and kept as an absolutely standard collected vehicle. I worry that all of the 3drs are in really bad condition and have been all cut up and bashed.

The donor D1 for me is a really poor rusted out vehicle that I pretty much just bought for the driveline and rolling gear.

[loanrangie]

Aren't there legalities regarding body swaps, pretty sure i read that both had to be a similar era to pass engineering which would rule out a D1 chassis.

[101RRS]

Yes - the new vehicle has to meet ADRs applicable to the chassis. So if you used a post 94 Disco chassis the doors on the series body would need to have side intrusion bars etc.

Isn't it easier and easier for engineering to simply cut off the disco suspension towers and weld them onto the series chassis.

[Slunnie]

Yes - the new vehicle has to meet ADRs applicable to the chassis. So if you used a post 94 Disco chassis the doors on the series body would need to have side intrusion bars etc.

Isn't it easier and easier for engineering to simply cut off the disco suspension towers and weld them onto the series chassis.

Either that or use an old Rangie chassis.

[goingbush]

Yes - the new vehicle has to meet ADRs applicable to the chassis. So if you used a post 94 Disco chassis the doors on the series body would need to have side intrusion bars etc.

Isn't it easier and easier for engineering to simply cut off the disco suspension towers and weld them onto the series chassis.


You would just use Defender Doors , do they even have intrusion bars ?? Anything defender fits a Series for the purpose of a D1 chassis conversion inc steering column.

[101RRS]

Either that or use an old Rangie chassis.

Yes I agree but the OP is asking about a disco chassis (looks later than 94) so a whole lot of ADRs will apply.

[Lionelgee]

Hello All,

Thank you for your contributions all good fodder to cogitate over. Yes,the D1's build date is May 1996 so lots of ADRs apply.

Still seeking alternatives with plenty of time to nut things out.

Kind regards
Lionel

[pop058]

Is there some (known) dates where ADRs changed that would make a hybrid build "less complicated". Obviously the earlier the easier it will be to comply with any ADR requirements but would it be better to use an 80's (something) RRC chassis rather than a 90'Disco one given the chassis designs are very similar.

[goingbush]

Someone on here has done a Series/Defender on a D1 Chassis, 100" looks perfect

I would be keeping the split windscreen & proper series 3 bonnet / front panels & without Defender wheel flares. D1 axles & Series wheels fit flush with a series body without the need for flares

https://lh5.googleusercontent.com/proxy/EeEye0l9udJ-cpJ0D5d67YK3rSL_4t99VrDFXTKhLLA9JzQp61SieC9blH5szU gVoeiLnuNP1qOh

[goingbush]

Heres the one I built in 1986 ish '64 series body on a cut down RRC chassis. I went for the 90 look.

https://scontent-syd2-1.xx.fbcdn.net/v/t1.0-9/31723249_1679381678810282_4851267381621686272_n.jp g?_nc_cat=100&_nc_sid=8024bb&_nc_ohc=wGiw-LL3vrcAX9PF-Qx&_nc_ht=scontent-syd2-1.xx&oh=14cacf6e411894cd46d3ca4d45c0d16a&oe=5EDC2010

[jakeslouw]

Heres the one I built in 1986 ish '64 series body on a cut down RRC chassis. I went for the 90 look.

https://scontent-syd2-1.xx.fbcdn.net/v/t1.0-9/31723249_1679381678810282_4851267381621686272_n.jp g?_nc_cat=100&_nc_sid=8024bb&_nc_ohc=wGiw-LL3vrcAX9PF-Qx&_nc_ht=scontent-syd2-1.xx&oh=14cacf6e411894cd46d3ca4d45c0d16a&oe=5EDC2010

So did you cut the 100 inch RRC down to 90? would this work for a Series 3 88 body?

[goingbush]

So did you cut the 100 inch RRC down to 90? would this work for a Series 3 88 body?

yes . and yes , but you need to discuss with your VASS engineer first if you want rego.

[DoubleChevron]

Sounds like you just need ot change the vin number to an early rangies ............... Do you have any wrecks there :D They are basically the same chassis as a D1 apparently

[jakeslouw]

yes . and yes , but you need to discuss with your VASS engineer first if you want rego.

I'm in South Africa...........ADR does not apply, if they can get it through basic roadworthy, it is good to go. [bigsmile]

[Slunnie]

Is there some (known) dates where ADRs changed that would make a hybrid build "less complicated". Obviously the earlier the easier it will be to comply with any ADR requirements but would it be better to use an 80's (something) RRC chassis rather than a 90'Disco one given the chassis designs are very similar.
Totally agree, I was saying the same until some other poster got all pooey about it. Early chassis is the way to go for that type of conversion.

[Lionelgee]

Hello All,

There is a Discovery II lurking around that has been converted to a ute. The ute was previously registered for the road - so presumably it was an engineer approved conversion. The only issue is that the TD5 motor has ceased to function. What sort of money would be involved to get a reliable TD5 replacement motor?

Kind regards
Lionel

[V8Ian]

Is it a D2 or rebodied Defender? There's 10" difference in the wheelbase.

[Lionelgee]

G'day Slunnie,

Back on the 7th May 2020, at 10:16 PM you posted that

I ended up getting a County rolling chassis and a D1 donor vehicle which I'm hoping is a far easier and far more bolt up conversion.

Just wondering how your modification went - what year D1 was your donor vehicle and was there an AULRO thread posted about the project?

Kind regards
Lionel

[jakeslouw]

What sort of money would be involved to get a reliable TD5 replacement motor?


Since the vehicle isn't standard any more, I wouldn't bother. The TD5 is well beyond its sell-by date and spares are scarce.

There are adapter kits for Isuzu engines, I'd start there.

[Slunnie]

G'day Slunnie,

Back on the 7th May 2020, at 10:16 PM you posted that

I ended up getting a County rolling chassis and a D1 donor vehicle which I'm hoping is a far easier and far more bolt up conversion.

Just wondering how your modification went - what year D1 was your donor vehicle and was there an AULRO thread posted about the project?

Kind regards
Lionel

Hi Lionel,

It's all still sitting there unfortunately. Work, triathlon and cold weather have got in the way, but the intention is still there!

The D1 is purely a donor car for parts, its not a project at all. Actually its a rust bucket. I'm not sure which year, but I think its approx 92-93 with a 3.5V8 auto 5dr pre update.

The County chassis will take the running gear from the D1 if I go down that route, but I have other motors around here. The body will be a Series ute cab also.

I'm expecting it all to be reasonably bolt up.

The trick however is that the D1 runs bigger gearboxes and engines than the Series, so if your series is 4 or 6 cylinder, you might have to cut the firewall, transmission tunnel, floor and seat box to make it all fit. You should be ok if you've got a Stage 1 setup.

I really do think you're better off converting it with a County chassis rather than a D1 if you just want it to bolt up as best as possible and have it work. For that combo to be most seamless, a Series 3 body would be the most complient.

[p38arover]

On Monday, I had a look at a D1 chassis and running gear with a Series IIA cab. Engine was a turbo 4BD1 with an LT95.

[Tins]

Sounds like you just need ot change the vin number to an early rangies ............... Do you have any wrecks there :D They are basically the same chassis as a D1 apparently

Care is needed. My VASS insisted that If I went ahead he would require the chassis section with the number on it from the Series, due to Vic's rebirthing laws. I was "slightly" perplexed. Who is going to rebirth a RRC into a Series ute? He agreed, but said the legislation was overarching and loopholes were few. For him, that is. Essentially this would mean you would only wind up with one car, which imo is the point. All I'm saying really is that your VASS needs to protect himself. If he saw that you had changed the number he would have reservations.

I didn't ask him about D1s at the time as I had the RRRC ( Rusty RRC ), but it's probably doable, but the end result will need to comply with ADRs of the D1, not the Series, as it is later. My RRRC and SIII were almost the same year, which made it easier. Things like steering columns and impact absorbing dashboards. Still, SRS airbags were not mandatory on D1s. I'd check though if they would need to be there if fitted when new, as is the case with my '94.

Personally, I wouldn't start a project of this nature without an engineer on board from the beginning.

[Lionelgee]

Hi Lionel,

It's all still sitting there unfortunately. Work, triathlon and cold weather have got in the way, but the intention is still there!

The D1 is purely a donor car for parts, its not a project at all. Actually its a rust bucket. I'm not sure which year, but I think its approx 92-93 with a 3.5V8 auto 5dr pre update.

The County chassis will take the running gear from the D1 if I go down that route, but I have other motors around here. The body will be a Series ute cab also.

I'm expecting it all to be reasonably bolt up.

The trick however is that the D1 runs bigger gearboxes and engines than the Series, so if your series is 4 or 6 cylinder, you might have to cut the firewall, transmission tunnel, floor and seat box to make it all fit. You should be ok if you've got a Stage 1 setup.

I really do think you're better off converting it with a County chassis rather than a D1 if you just want it to bolt up as best as possible and have it work. For that combo to be most seamless, a Series 3 body would be the most complient.

Hello Slunnie,

You must also have a knack for finding hen's teeth and rocking horse poo to have tracked down a County chassis. I have only come across complete vehicles where even ones that should be heading towards the scrap heap demand over $10K. It is not everyday that a wrecking notice comes up for a County. They all seem to be perceived by their owners as valuable and rare restoration projects, regardless of how much of a total basket case the car is.

Kind regards
Lionel

[Tins]

Since the vehicle isn't standard any more, I wouldn't bother. The TD5 is well beyond its sell-by date and spares are scarce.



In SA perhaps. Plenty of TD5 bits around in the UK and to a lesser extent Oz. TD5s are great engines.

However, if starting from scratch with no engine at all then yes, I'd agree, Isuzu. But then you may as well buy a Perentie and be done with it.

[Slunnie]

Hello Slunnie,

You must also have a knack for finding hen's teeth and rocking horse poo to have tracked down a County chassis. I have only come across complete vehicles where even ones that should be heading towards the scrap heap demand over $10K. It is not everyday that a wrecking notice comes up for a County. They all seem to be perceived by their owners as valuable and rare restoration projects, regardless of how much of a total basket case the car is.

Kind regards
Lionel

I was probably lucky. These things just turned up and I bought them.

I bought a bare County V8 chassis which is why I needed the Disco1 donor vehicle to transplant the drive train and suspension etc. Then the body from another vehicle.

Then I bought a rolling chassis with plates, receipts etc - this is the one which is in the shed to be built up now instead.

I've got your PM's, I'll reply when I get home tonight.

[goingbush]

Care is needed. My VASS insisted that If I went ahead he would require the chassis section with the number on it from the Series, due to Vic's rebirthing laws. I was "slightly" perplexed. Who is going to rebirth a RRC into a Series ute? He agreed, but said the legislation was overarching and loopholes were few. For him, that is. Essentially this would mean you would only wind up with one car, which imo is the point. All I'm saying really is that your VASS needs to protect himself. If he saw that you had changed the number he would have reservations.

I didn't ask him about D1s at the time as I had the RRRC ( Rusty RRC ), but it's probably doable, but the end result will need to comply with ADRs of the D1, not the Series, as it is later. My RRRC and SIII were almost the same year, which made it easier. Things like steering columns and impact absorbing dashboards. Still, SRS airbags were not mandatory on D1s. I'd check though if they would need to be there if fitted when new, as is the case with my '94.

Personally, I wouldn't start a project of this nature without an engineer on board from the beginning.

Things have changed in Vic. According to my VASS (18 months ago) You can now put an old body on a more modern chassis and the vehicle identity is the body not the chassis. You do not need all the ADR of the Chassis, Just the safety ones like lap sash belt, burst proof locks, disc brakes, collapsible column, 2 speed wipers , washers , demister , Dont need soft dash, crumple zone, ABS etc.

[Tins]

Things have changed in Vic. According to my VASS (18 months ago) You can now put an old body on a more modern chassis and the vehicle identity is the body not the chassis. You do not need all the ADR of the Chassis, Just the safety ones like lap sash belt, burst proof locks, disc brakes, collapsible column, 2 speed wipers , washers , demister , Dont need soft dash, crumple zone, ABS etc.

That IS different. Makes me think about using my D1 for the SIII tray I have.

[goingbush]

That IS different. Makes me think about using my D1 for the SIII tray I have.

The change was bought about by OCR number plate recognition & the Police complaining about the number of cars that look like antiques but identify as Holden 1 tonners . As most custom builds are on a 1 tonner chassis . Going forward If a 47 Dodge is on a 1 Tonner chassis , its now going to ping as a 47 Dodge and not a 1993 Holden.

[Tins]

The change was bought about by OCR number plate recognition & the Police complaining about the number of cars that look like antiques but identify as Holden 1 tonners . As most custom builds are on a 1 tonner chassis . Going forward If a 47 Dodge is on a 1 Tonner chassis , its now going to ping as a 47 Dodge and not a 1993 Holden.

Hmm.. Perhaps that could explain why I was pulled over because the ANPR system logged my blue from factory Ford as white. Copper told me I would need to go to VicRoads to get them to rectify THEIR error or it was going to keep happening.
Bloody car has always been blue. Technology. GI, GO.

Still, silver lining I guess.

[goingbush]

Hmm.. Perhaps that could explain why I was pulled over because the ANPR system logged my blue from factory Ford as white. Copper told me I would need to go to VicRoads to get them to rectify THEIR error or it was going to keep happening.
Bloody car has always been blue. Technology. GI, GO.

Still, silver lining I guess.


Yes, I got pulled up in the Dodge for driving an unregistered vehicle , and use of false number plates .

OCR read the O as a zero ,..... you'd think it was smart enough to ping all permutations, maybe cops just wanted to look at the truck.
187868

[Lionelgee]

That IS different. Makes me think about using my D1 for the SIII tray I have.

Hello Tins,

I made an online enquiry to the Queensland Department of Transport and Main Roads about the registration requirements of placing a different make and model car body onto the chassis/running gear of another make and model. I went through the whole description detail be detail. I just had to click some buttons to submit the request for information online. Then it came up with an error - such as not recognising my email as being authentic. It did not allow for any correction. The system just went into a rejection loop and the request was lost. I wonder if that is a deliberate bug placed in the system to ensure no difficult requests for information are accepted and need to be acted upon.

Kind regards
Lionel

[Lionelgee]

Hello All,

In an earlier email Tins wrote ... My VASS insisted that If I went ahead he would require the chassis section with the number on it from the Series. What does the acronym VASS stand for?

Kind regards
Lionel

[TonyC]

Hello All,

In an earlier email Tins wrote ... My VASS insisted that If I went ahead he would require the chassis section with the number on it from the Series. What does the acronym VASS stand for?

Kind regards
Lionel

Vehicle assessment signatory scheme.

It's a Victorian thing.
I'm sure QLD have their own equivalent.

Just a moment... (https://www.vicroads.vic.gov.au/registration/modify-or-build-a-vehicle/vehicle-assessment-signatory-scheme-approval-certificate)

Tony

[V8Ian]

Hello All,

In an earlier email Tins wrote ... My VASS insisted that If I went ahead he would require the chassis section with the number on it from the Series. What does the acronym VASS stand for?

Kind regards
Lionel
Victorians are silly sods? [bigwhistle]

[Tins]

Hello All,

In an earlier email Tins wrote ... My VASS insisted that If I went ahead he would require the chassis section with the number on it from the Series. What does the acronym VASS stand for?

Kind regards
Lionel
Vehicle Assessment Signatory Scheme

[shamirj]

[QUOTE=goingbush;2997538]Someone on here has done a Series/Defender on a D1 Chassis, 100" looks perfect

I would be keeping the split windscreen & proper series 3 bonnet / front panels & without Defender wheel flares. D1 axles & Series wheels fit flush with a series body without the need for flares

Going bush how did you make the defender 90 from rrc chassis, would love to find out more

[Lionelgee]

Hello All,

After some discussion with a far more experienced hand in scratch building motor vehicles, plus some email exchanges with the Queensland Department of Transport and Main Roads, things will need to be re-jiggered. In Queensland the chassis is the main identifier. So, if a D1 was fitted with air-bags and side intrusion protection to comply with a series of Australian Design Rules, then these features will need to be incorporated into the older donor body. Because the chassis is the identifier.

Looks like if I want to maintain the coils springs and disc brakes on each corner of my preferred chassis, then I am looking for something like a V8 County or a similar year Range Rover. Nothing fitted with bells and whistles like air-bags. So, wave goodbye to a D1 as the chassis and drive train donor. Lucky for me all the D1s I had lined up to buy all fell through.

A reminder that Queensland's rules about the chassis being the identifier reflects how things are as they stand right now. I can unfortunately provide a copy of some emails from the Policy Officer from the modifications section and provide quotes about what part of the vehicle it is identified by. You might be aware of historic versions of modified vehicles in Queensland. However, what may have been approved in Queensland in the past is exactly that, in the past. ... sigh!

Kind regards
Lionel

[V8Ian]

There are plenty of D1s that were never fitted with the optional airbags, Lionel.
The easiest way to tell is if the front passenger side dash is fitted with an Oh Jesus handle, it has no airbags.

[101RRS]

There are plenty of D1s that were never fitted with the optional airbags, Lionel.
The easiest way to tell is if the front passenger side dash is fitted with an Oh Jesus handle, it has no airbags.

When buying new the options were drivers airbag or drivers and passenger airbags - so yes you could have the Oh Jesus handle on the passenger side and an airbag on the drivers side.

[Lionelgee]

Hello Ian & 101RRS,

Wot! Inconsistencies and variation within the same model of Land Rover! [bigwhistle]

Those new fangled D1s have just too many flash things that can go wrong.

Kind regards
Lionel

[V8Ian]

When buying new the options were drivers airbag or drivers and passenger airbags - so yes you could have the Oh Jesus handle on the passenger side and an airbag on the drivers side.
Thanks for that, I thought it was a simple yes or no option.

[loanrangie]

Pretty sure that any pre update D1 , 93 or earlier with the old dash, wasn't available with airbags at all.

[Lionelgee]

Pretty sure that any pre update D1 , 93 or earlier with the old dash, wasn't available with airbags at all.

Hello Loanrangie,

Thank you for the reply. Also, for the insight into the D1 before 1993. I was not aware of the when an update did occur. It could help me narrow the search down. Knowing what I am looking for makes things handy.

Kind regards
Lionel

[Slunnie]

As airbags were optional, does a rebody need to have airbags? My D1 update (1995) doesn't have airbags at all.

[Lionelgee]

As airbags were optional, does a rebody need to have airbags? My D1 update (1995) doesn't have airbags at all.

Hello Slunnie,

Okay - it reverts to there being no such thing as consistency within Land Rovers.

Kind regards
Lionel

[shack]

I have a feeling it was a "box tick" style option.

But I don't really know why I have that feeling!

ABS is another interesting one.