Minicom is a terminal emulator so will be expecting interactive use...
To detach it from the calling process you can use 'screen'.
look at the instructions for screen.
You'll invoke it something like this:
screen -S myminicom -fa -d -m 'minicom -D /dev/ttyUSB0 -b 57600'
You can then reconnect to that minicom 'session' using:
screen -R myminicom
when reattached 'ctrl-a' followed by 'd' will detach back to the shell

