How many K's on the engine?
It could be a combination of faulty glow plugs AND low compression from an older tired engine because you say it did start but struggled to burn the fuel effectively.
As the glow plugs only assist on startup and are not on aftrer the engine has started i am thinking that this is more of a lack of compression issue.
With older diesels sometimes you need to use "start ya bastard" to get them up and running on cold morning.

