Deep Cycle vs Cranking batteries.
Hi Tony and sorry for the delay in replying but I am flat-out.
The principal difference between Deep Cycle batteries and cranking batteries “WAS” the number of deep cycles each battery could provide before needing to be replaced.
I emphasised WAS because this really only applies to older type deep cycle batteries verses older type cranking batteries.
With the older type batteries, while you could always deep cycle both types, dedicated Deep Cycle batteries could deliver far more cycles that a cranking battery.
Prior to about 25 or so years ago, the RV industry used cranking batteries for all its needs, like Auxiliary batteries in vehicles and House batteries in caravans and Motorhomes, and while camper trailers were only just beginning to be produced in numbers, they too were supplied with cranking batteries.
The original Deep Cycle batteries were glass and some came with as much as an 18 year warranty, but being glass were totally useless for RV use.
These Glass batteries were designed to be used in Remote Area Power Supplies and Uninterruptible Power Supplies, where they were used in large banks of batteries, where large currents could be drawn from the bank, while only drawing very small currents from each battery in the bank.
Again these banks were also charged with high currents but each battery would only be drawing a small charge current.
The first Deep Cycle batteries we recognise today were still specifically intended for the original use. as such, they had a number of limitations that made them unsuitable for RV use, but people tried to use them anyway.
Wet cell Deep Cycle batteries could be used as long as they were not placed in the engine bay.
When the first AGM type Deep Cycle batteries started being used in RV situations, it was quickly realised that they had a very short lifespan. This is because, like the old Glass type Deep cycle batteries, they did not tolerate high temperatures, or high charging currents and especially had no tolerance for high voltages.
As the manufacturers came to realise that there was a huge potential market for their batteries in the RV industry, battery techknowledgy improved, first with the maximum voltage rising from 14.1v to 14.4v then finally 14.7 to 15.0v.
At the same time, maximum charging currents rose from 20% to 35 to 40% and higher with some Deep Cycle batteries.
BUT, not sure heat tolerance has risen enough for safe under bonnet use. ( personal opinion )
Then about 15 years ago, the first AGM cranking batteries came on the market and these offered high operational advantages over AGM type of Deep Cycle batteries.
All AGM cranking batteries tolerate at least 14.7v and many are safe at 15v. They literally have no charge current limitation but best of all, they are completely safe to use under the bonnet.
All cranking batteries have been safe to discharge down to 20% SoC and many of the newer ones, as stated by the manufacturers of these batteries, can be safely cycled down to 0%.
Particularly with their rapid recharging capability, this makes AGM cranking batteries ideal to use as auxiliary batteries.