Arthur, first up the fuel additive.
Yes, the elevated wear metals were as a result of reaction between the additives in the fuel additive and the bearings.
I confirmed this with a very reputable oil analyst I've used over the years.
He had found this happening a lot with customers analysis. Only a few didn't impact the bearings.
I used to use Redline RL2 more for pump lubricity than anything as it contained an ashless lubricant, but when the pump was overhauled two weeks ago for the new owner the diesel service reckoned it was toast ?
The funny thing is the Tdi is horrible now, blows white smoke and misses.
Before hand it started instantly and ran like a top! but I digress.....
Petrol fuel additives are only recommended to be used once or twice between oil changes at full dosage, and I reckon that'd be a good rule of thumb for a diesel too.
I used to use a maintenance dose, probably only 60-70ml when I had elevated wear metals with the big fuel company additive.
Re the Tdi and sooty oil.
One thing is that when doing an oil change quite a few hundred ml of old oil is left behind in a 300Tdi thanks to the sump plug sitting quite a few mm above the bottom of the sump and the residual oil left in the oil cooler circuit.
I actually measured it once but can't recall atm exactly how much, but it was significant and really surprised me.
If you are using a flushing solvent not all of it is being drained away.
Re flushes, some companies use certain esters that act as very strong detergent/dispersants while also being very good lubricants, a lot use diesel mixed with mineral oil.
Have a look at the MSDS and check the CAS numbers.

