Quote:
"racial discrimination" shall mean any distinction, exclusion, restriction, or preference based on race, colour, descent, or national or ethnic origin that has the purpose or effect of nullifying or impairing the recognition, enjoyment or exercise, on an equal footing, of human rights and fundamental freedoms in the political, economic, social, cultural or any other field of public life.
Crucially the UN definition connects these words (colour, ethnicity, nationality etc) with the terms exclusion, distinction, preference etc. which act to diminish another's recognition, freedoms, enjoyment of private and public life etc.