Printable View
Mike,
you will still have to adjust valve clearances as these will change due to crush of the new head gasket, and especially if the head gets a skim. You can use the no hole one if you like, it'll run fine, but better to replace with what came off.
Great job and tutorials like this are invaluable! Top stuff:)
JC
As I said, hopefully someone will benefit from it - I certainly have from other peoples posts over the years. And don't thank me yet - I still have to put the new gasket on and get her running again :p
Seeing as this thread is turning into a series of tutorials, I might repost them later on down the line as individual threads, seeing as this is a "Tutorials" forum. Assuming of course, the moderators don't have a problem with it??
CHANGING THE HEAD GASKET - CONTINUED
Well it’s no good having the head ten feet away from the rest of the engine, so now it’s time to reassemble the whole lot into a working engine. This will be the last chance you get to clean the mating surfaces, so do it well; I used an airgun to clear any debris out of the cylinders and the bolt holes in the block, and wiped down the block with petrol to remove any grease.
Next, rotate the crankshaft pulley in a clockwise direction until the pistons are all half-way up the cylinders.
https://www.aulro.com/afvb/images/im...10/01/1228.jpg
Ensure that the two locating dowels are fitted in the cylinder block. If yours, like mine, are stuck in the head, pull them out with a pliers and gently tap them into the block.
https://www.aulro.com/afvb/images/im...10/01/1229.jpg
Using the locating dowels as a guide, fit the gasket to the block, making sure that the top is facing up. Considering its shape, it’s fairly obvious if you have it fitted incorrectly :)
https://www.aulro.com/afvb/images/im...10/01/1230.jpg
https://www.aulro.com/afvb/images/im...10/01/1231.jpg
Once everything is in place, lift the head onto the block, again using the locating dowels to match up the faces of the block and the head. When the head is in the right location, the dowels should lock into place.
https://www.aulro.com/afvb/images/im...10/01/1232.jpg
Now it’s time for the head bolts. Depending on who you talk to, you can reuse the head bolts up to five times, or you can’t reuse them at all. Seeing as I’ll be driving in some remote locations, I opted to replace mine. However, if if it were just my daily driver, I’d probably reuse the old ones if they looked to be in decent condition.
Either way, there are 18 bolts, and they come in three sizes - 140mm M12’s, 100mm M12’s, and 117mm M10’s. If you’re buying a new set, make sure that you have the lot.
https://www.aulro.com/afvb/images/im...10/01/1233.jpg
Clean the head bolts with a wire brush and lightly oil them. Now fit the cylinder head bolts of the correct length in each location around the block, making sure not to drop the bolts into the cylinder and damaging the thread. Then tighten bolts until bolt heads just contact the cylinder head.
NB. Bolts 6 and 14 are also used to hold the bracket for the air filter in place – make sure that you fit the bolts through this too – unlike me, who had to go loosening the head bolts after the fact in order to bolt on the braket....
https://www.aulro.com/afvb/images/im...10/01/1234.jpg
https://www.aulro.com/afvb/images/im...10/01/1235.jpg
Once all of the bolts are hand tight, they need to be tightened in a specific sequence must the tightened in the proper sequence and torqued to specifications. This ensures a tight leak-free seal, and maintains even pressure around the head. For this you’ll need a torque wrench for the initial tightening, and a good breaker bar to tighten the bolts through degrees.
Set your torque wrench to 40Nm, or in old money, 29.5 ft/lbs, and using the sequence shown below, tighten all of the cylinder head bolts to 40 Nm.
https://www.aulro.com/afvb/images/im...10/01/1236.jpg
https://www.aulro.com/afvb/images/im...10/01/1237.jpg
Now that the bolts are tightened by torque, they need to be further tightened through degrees of rotation. Essentially this means fitting a degree plate to the breaker bar to indicate how many degrees it has been rotated through. I didn’t have one, so I printed up a 360 degree arc, and glued it to some 3mm MDF. It’s more than accurate enough for this job.
https://www.aulro.com/afvb/images/im...010/01/988.jpg
Set up a pointer with a piece of wire so that you can read the degrees of rotation of the degree plate, and starting with the number 1 cylinder head bolt, tighten the cylinder head bolts a further 60°, and go through the same sequence as earlier.
Next, go through the sequence again, and tighten each bolt a further 60°.
Finally, tighten bolts numbers 1, 2, 7, 8, 9, 10, 15, 16, 17 and 18 a further 20°, in that order.
https://www.aulro.com/afvb/images/im...10/01/1238.jpg
https://www.aulro.com/afvb/images/im...10/01/1239.jpg
Now that the head is on, it’s time to bolt back on all the bits that you unbolted earlier. Go round the block and bolt back all the little things – clips for the breathers, and a few cable stays in my case.
Next, bolt the coolant outlet elbow, to the thermostat housing, and fit the coolant hoses.
https://www.aulro.com/afvb/images/im...10/01/1240.jpg
Inlet and exhaust manifold now – check page 1 for detailed instructions :D
https://www.aulro.com/afvb/images/im...10/01/1241.jpg
Injector array and new glow plugs are next, plus all associated pipework.
https://www.aulro.com/afvb/images/im...10/01/1242.jpg
Next, it’s time to reassemble the rocker shaft assembly. First, replace the 8 pushrods, lubricating them first, and making sure they are correctly located in the cam followers. Then replace the valve caps. A dob of grease on the top of each valve stem will keep them in place.
https://www.aulro.com/afvb/images/im...10/01/1243.jpg
Position the rocker shaft to cylinder head, fit but do not tighten the three nuts and two bolts.
https://www.aulro.com/afvb/images/im...10/01/1244.jpg
Locate each push rod in turn beneath its respective tappet adjusting screw and tighten each screw until the ball end locates in the recess of the push rod.
https://www.aulro.com/afvb/images/im...10/01/1245.jpg
Working from the centre outwards, progressively tighten the three nuts and two bolts to 5 Nm.
https://www.aulro.com/afvb/images/im...10/01/1246.jpg
In order for the engine to fire correctly, the tappets need to be adjusted. In simple terms this means setting the gap between the rocker arms and the valve caps to a specified value – in this case, 0.2mm. Not enough clearance results in extra wear, too much clearance results in lost performance and a noisy engine.
In order to open and close the valves, and thus set the gap between them, you need to rotate the crankshaft, usually by means of turning the crankshaft pulley until the required valve opens. This requires a fair bit of effort, particularly when working on your own, and there is an easier way.
Chock the right side tyres and jack up the front left tyre off the ground. Select high 5th gear, and turn the wheel with your foot while leaning over the engine and watching for the valves to open and shut :)
Anyhow, rotate the crankshaft pulley, or the wheel, until number 8 valve ( counting from front of engine ) is fully open.
https://www.aulro.com/afvb/images/im...10/01/1247.jpg
Using feeler gauges and a screwdriver, adjust the clearance of number 1 valve to 0.20 mm. The tappets should not be set with the feeler gauge nipped, the tappet should be set to nip and then backed to the point that the feeler gauge starts to be a sliding fit. The easiest way to set is undo the lock nut with a ring spanner, leave spanner on lock nut an adjust tappet with screwdriver in one hand whilst sliding the feeler gauge until you have correct setting as above, then let go of feeler gauge and whilst holding the tappet steady with the screw driver (not allowing it to turn), tighten the lock nut back up, then check that it is still a nice fit on the feeler gauge.
https://www.aulro.com/afvb/images/im...10/01/1248.jpg
Adjusting the tappets follows the 'Rule of 9'. i.e. When valve number 2 is down, adjust the tappet on valve number 7. Therefore the remaining valve clearances are adjusted in the following sequence:
Adjust number 3 clearance with number 6 valve fully open
Adjust number 5 clearance with number 4 valve fully open
Adjust number 2 clearance with number 7 valve fully open
Adjust number 8 clearance with number 1 valve fully open
Adjust number 6 clearance with number 3 valve fully open
Adjust number 4 clearance with number 5 valve fully open
Adjust number 7 clearance with number 2 valve fully open
Upon completion, re-check all clearances and adjust as necessary.
Finally, the rocker cover is replaced. Clean the mating faces of rocker cover and cylinder head, position the rocker cover on the cylinder head, fit the three flange nuts and working from the centre outwards, tighten to 10 Nm.
https://www.aulro.com/afvb/images/im...10/01/1249.jpg
Lubricate the ’O’ ring with engine oil and refit the crankcase breather cyclone unit to the rocker cover.
Reconnect the breather hoses to cyclone unit, rocker cover and cylinder block.
https://www.aulro.com/afvb/images/im...10/01/1250.jpg
Refill the engine (and the mechanic) with the necessary fluids :)
https://www.aulro.com/afvb/images/im...10/01/1251.jpg
Now for the moment of truth. I had a couple of “oh ****” moments where the engine wouldn’t turn over, before I found the loose connection to the starter, and once fixed, once fuel was pumped through to the injectors, it fired up straight away! Have to say that I’m pretty happy with the job, and I’d recommend anyone to give it a shot. The engine sounds a little different – not worse, just different. The tappet adjustments sound fine, so now it’s time to run it in, and see how it fares out.
Now that this little setback has been worked around, it’s on to the next job.
Not much to report since the head gasket has been done. I've run it in over the past few days and everything seems to be fine, and she's running well. One of the tappets may need a little more fine tuning, but other than that, a good result.
Dropped into Clarke Rubber on the way home, and picked up a sheet of dense foam to insulate the cab. Why am I insulating it? Well I'll have the facility to sleep in the back if the weather/location doesn't facilitate the use of the roof tent, and I've spent my share of nights in countries that are far too hot or cold. In addition, the Landy ain't the quietest of beasts, and it's nice to be able to hold a conversation or listen to the radio without getting drowned out by the engine.
https://www.aulro.com/afvb/images/im...10/01/1169.jpg
Tools of the trade - Contact adhesive and a small roller:
https://www.aulro.com/afvb/images/im...10/01/1170.jpg
Just a couple of shots of the rear panels done:
https://www.aulro.com/afvb/images/im...10/01/1171.jpg
https://www.aulro.com/afvb/images/im...10/01/1172.jpg
It's getting too dark now, and I have spent waaaaay too much time breathing in fumes from the contact adhesive, so the rest can wait till tomorrow :) When I was cleaning up though, I came across a roll of sisalation left over from a building project, which I'm considering layering over the foam to reduce heat transfer into the vehicle.
Finished off insulating the shell yesterday. For anyone thinking of doing the same, it takes exactly a sheet and a half of foam rubber to insulate the roof and sides of a 110. Here's a few pics, for anyone interested...
https://www.aulro.com/afvb/images/im...10/01/1098.jpg
https://www.aulro.com/afvb/images/im...10/01/1099.jpg
https://www.aulro.com/afvb/images/im...10/01/1100.jpg
I've decided not to reuse the original headliner for a couple of reasons. The first being it looks like it's made from papier-mâché, and the second is that the indentations in the panels don't leave much room for insulation. So I'm going to sheet off the roof in 3mm MDF - lightweight, cheap, and much more robust (and easy to break - you can see the sheet in the background that I folded earlier :) )
https://www.aulro.com/afvb/images/im...10/01/1101.jpg
To get the sheet to take the form of the roof, wet down the sides that will be curved, and jack it into position in the roof itself. Left in this position for a few hours, the wet fibres will take the form of the roof. For now the panel is only temporarily in place - I won't make it permanent until I have all of the additional wiring run under the roof.
https://www.aulro.com/afvb/images/im...10/01/1102.jpg
Well, another somewhat unproductive day, due in no small part to the fact that the temperatures were reaching nosebleed levels, and that I am still waiting for a few deliveries to arrive. But did get around to a few things.
Began upgrading the fuel system to a dual tank, SVO system. I've been running the Defender for the past year on a vegetable oil/diesel blend, and with the exception of a few hiccups at the start, it's been running perfectly, cheaply, and cleanly. The head gasket change showed clean injectors and clean piston heads, so I'm switching to a dual tank system - two tanks, two fuel filters, two changeover valves and two returns. I'll go into more details later when everything is good to go.
I'm replacing the stock filter with a CAV equivalent, and adding a second CAV filter for SVO. This means that I only have to carry one type of filter, they are far cheaper, and more easily available no matter where I end up.
https://www.aulro.com/afvb/images/im...10/01/1047.jpg
https://www.aulro.com/afvb/images/im...10/01/1048.jpg
One of the heat exchangers for the SVO/WVO
https://www.aulro.com/afvb/images/im...10/01/1049.jpg
Bent up and welded the frame for the rear roof rack and ladder. The ladder is pretty solid, but I figure I'll be using it a fair bit, so...
https://www.aulro.com/afvb/images/im...10/01/1050.jpg
The ladder will be side mounted, and takes the profile of the vehicle. I'll cut it off when the roofrack is in place, and I know the final position of things.
https://www.aulro.com/afvb/images/im...10/01/1051.jpg
And what took up an inordinate amount of time - making mounting brackets and such for fiddly little things...
https://www.aulro.com/afvb/images/im...10/01/1052.jpg
Nothing too exciting, but it's getting there.. slowly :)
Very informative thread Mike.....you're sure getting stuck into things. A pleasure to watch the progress.
Cheers
Mick
I am enjoying the thread, interesting to see how it all goes together.
Had to work for a while today, so didn't get too much done. Did pick up the fixtures and fittings for the fuel system though - $150 worth of brass fittings... :(
But despite appearances, it is coming together...
https://www.aulro.com/afvb/images/im...010/01/982.jpg
Started marking out the overhead console. 6mm ply should give it the rigidity that I'm looking for, without it being heavy,
https://www.aulro.com/afvb/images/im...010/01/983.jpg
I've cut the new roof panels to size, and am using the Defender roof itself as a former for the curves. The panels are 3mm MDF, wetting them down, then lining them up and slowly jacking them into position over the course of a few hours ensures that they don't split. They amost follow the curve of the roof perfectly now - after a few more days they'll have taken that form permanently, and I can line the sheets with marine carpet then.
https://www.aulro.com/afvb/images/im...010/01/984.jpg
I'm looking for a few opinions on this one. Seeing as the two sliding windows are one of the weakest points security wise, I'm toying with the idea of putting some security mesh in the back windows. While this will never stop anyone determined enough to get in, it does deter the opportunist, and it means I can leave a window open at night while sleeping, without some light fingered git helping himself, or while in slow traffic, etc.
My options are wither mesh on the outside, or mesh on the inside. Mesh on the inside is far easier to install, it can't actually be grabbed in order to rip it off. However, it does make it difficult to open windows and such. Mesh on the outside solves that problem, but it's not as easy to fit - I'll have to make up a frame for it, and I risk my Defender resembling a riot squad van :D
Any suggestions? Should I even bother at all?
https://www.aulro.com/afvb/images/im...010/01/985.jpg
Great threasd Mike!!!
But don't skimp on the details of the trip itself. It sounds phenominal.
Which route are you planning to take? How long do you anticipate the journey will take you? Are you going to try and get sponsorship and document the trip with a webpage?
Info, info, info.
Love the truck build though
Jason