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		ATs that have a lower speed rating are more likely to have a stronger carcase to better withstand rock damage than the high speed rated highway tyres that are made to dissipate heat better.  The number of plies is not necessarily an indicator of strength and anyway, I've yet to find a 255/55R19 that has more than 2 sidewall plies although some HTs might only have 1.  IMO if you're intending to travel on gravel roads then an AT is the only 19" option.
	 
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		Plies are one unit, however, I've seen 2 ply that are thicker than 3 ply, and then there is sidewall thickness - where the manufacturer braces with more rubber...
	 
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		Doesn't appear to be much difference in construction between a HT and AT.....apart from tread pattern.
The 'fuller' tread pattern of the Pirelli ATR make it more difficult for sharp rocks to hit the carcass. There are more opportunities for rocks on tyres that are great at dissipating water...
	 
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		Not quite...
There is a pic somewhere showing for example a Dueller D697 side profile cut...
The amount of rubber below the tread is huge compared to some offerings..
	 
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		...and I'd go a D697 if they had them in my size...