failing turbos are very common on the Defender TDCi 2.2, poor build quality, the bearings collapse often jamming the spool against the housing shearing the centre shaft.
I have had them fail as in the customer drove it here but if felt under powered the centre shaft of the spool had sheared in half. Others turn up on a tilt tray where the housing has cracked open like an egg.
New gen or garret ones are of the same poor quality. Many a year ago both Ford (u.s) and Caterpillar i believe took legal action against them due to the high percentage of failure rates, garret went into receivership and was no doubt bought by a money management company, so build quality is likely to not be high on the agender. (i am paraphrasing)
I rebuild them (for my own use on customers defenders) using cores manufactured in the U.K from turbo rebuild 
Turbo Rebuild Ltd and i ceramic coat both snails, i also ceramic coat the exhaust manifold. I also put on a free flowing first exhaust section which is also ceramic coated which i believe reduces the heat soak into the turbo and engine.
and yes the intercooler is a good catch all between the turbo and engine, but it may also need replacing due to damage with the turbo hoses. Both items are a common failure anyway
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