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This is also interesting - hydrogen power for Denham
WA tourist town to be transformed into a zero-emission community powered by hydrogen
WA tourist town of Denham to become zero-emission community powered by hydrogen - ABC News (Australian Broadcasting Corporation)
Just a snippet on new Buses in Poland I found in Canada.
"06:31 AM EDT, 03/13/2020 (MT Newswires) -- Ballard Power Systems (BLDP) said Thursday that it received a purchase order for 25 units of its new 70-kilowatt, heavy-duty FCmove-HD fuel cell modules from Solaris Bus & Coach, a bus and trolleybus manufacturer based in Poland.No financial terms were disclosed. According to Ballard, the ordered modules will power 25 hydrogen buses for deployment in Germany, while shipments of the products are expected to start within this year and extend into 2021.Price: 8.10, Change: +0.32, Percent Change: +4.11"
Solaris Urbino 12 hydrogen. What is very interesting this site is they are making both Electric and now hydrogen. The recharge time for a huge battery for the 24 hour operation on one variant of their Urbino 18 electric would make the few minutes refueling the Urbino 12 Hydrogen much more attractive. The key advantage to make Bus/train and Tram hydrogen is set point refueling point which is clearly easier and cheaper for multiple trains/buses or trams to use than multiple electrical charge point overnight or for hours at a time for electric battery only variations.
Paper I found very interesting
https://theicct.org/sites/default/fi...n-03032020.pdf
My Key notes " International Maritime Organization’s (IMO’s) initial greenhouse gas (GHG) strategy. Under the strategy, the IMO aims to cut international shipping’s GHG emissions by at least 50% by 2050 compared to 2008 levels, and to phase out GHGs as soon as possible. The IMO is set to revise the strategy in 2023, and that could mean even stronger decarbonization targets"
and that every thing can be done with hydrogen with minimal changes to the ships. 5% or less changes to cargo space.
Trying to find china's involvement in this. South Korea and Japan are changing rapidly to hydrogen and I expect this change in shipping will be the first big move. The noted 60,000 KW of engines in the study above
This seems like a useful summary of proposals for hydrogen, CCS and other low emissions energy options. I don't understand it all, but it's interesting.
What are the key technologies in the Coalition's low emissions roadmap, and can they deliver? | Energy | The Guardian
I watched a road test yesterday of the Hyundai Nexo which I understand is in Australian showrooms but not yet for sale.
Hyundai Nexo touches down in Australia
While filling stations are currently virtually non existent (Hyundai head office in Sydney and 4 pumps in Canberra soon) it is an impressive vehicle, particularly as "green" energy comes online more than it is now so it is environmentally friendly to produce hydrogen.
I think this system is the way ahead, hydrogen cell power generation to electrically drive the vehicle - once power can be generated cleanly to make the hydrogen in the first place - we are well on the way to doing this.
Garry
Certainly promising, but will need good government regulation to make it happen.
"Singapore — South Korea's Hyundai Motor Company foresees 2.9 million hydrogen fuel cell electric vehicles on local roads in 2040, more than 43 times the 67,000 FCEVs projected in 2022 as it launched a campaign on Sept. 10 to support its hydrogen fuel cell business."
"The outlook for South Korea's "green" vehicle sector has been bright after production hit 140,311 units in 2019, up 13.5% year on year. Of the 2019 total, FCEVs accounted for 4,194 units, more than five times the amount made in 2018."
"To cope with more FCEVs on the roads and hydrogen filling stations, domestic hydrogen production is expected to rise to 5.26 million mt in 2040 from 0.56 million mt in 2020." Link
Every informed bit of information on the scale of supply/demand for Hydrogen for steel, fertilizer, Ammonia, Trucks, Trains, Ships or even Aircraft and electricity/energy storage suggests it is difficult comprehend the volume and huge scale of Hydrogen required.
I used Korea projection of 5.26 million mt for its domestic consumption as a base line. I had a quick look at world Oil Consumption (Thousand Barrels per Day) . Assuming a direct replacement only and exuding several other large uses the possible math using MS EXCEL was 624.8370 million m.t.. at 2019 Oil use level
Korea used as a base line had Australia at 9.573757 million m.t I suspect this is low. Japan at 27 and China 53 (Excluded the biggest oil consumer America as who knows what they will do.
2019 world wide was roughly 70 million tons of dirty Hydrogen which needs a clean replacement as well. :) Bright and light future perhaps.
This is a really good article on the several hundred million invested in Australia and the options and likely directions seem clear.
"Australia is an export nation, and mega-projects run in its blood. Now that Japan, a key export partner of Australian gas producers, has announced its commitment to a hydrogen future, Australia makes a natural choice as a supply partner. The Australians, always sensitive to movements in commodity prices, are keenly aware of this, and hydrogen development is a rare point on which both sides of politics largely agree. Whilst the promise of a A$1bn hydrogen stimulus package died with the re-election of Australia’s Conservative Party at the federal level, the state governments have been co-ordinated and effective in their efforts to push for hydrogen development."
My favorite punt is from Perth( NOT INVESTMENT ADVICE)
https://www.thechemicalengineer.com/...rop&scale=both
Hydrogen Down Under - Features - The Chemical Engineer
Flight time
https://image.cnbcfm.com/api/v1/imag...61&w=630&h=354ZeroAvia’s six-seater Piper M-class aircraft — which has been retrofitted with the device that combines hydrogen and oxygen to produce electricity — undertook a taxi, take-off, full pattern circuit and landing on Thursday.
ZeroAvia has said the trip, described as a “hydrogen fuel cell powered flight of a commercial-grade aircraft,” is a “world first.” Other examples of hydrogen-fuel cell planes that can host passengers do exist, however. Back in 2016, the HY4 aircraft, which is able to carry four people, undertook its first official journey when it flew from Stuttgart Airport in Germany. The HY4 was developed by researchers at the German Aerospace Center alongside “industry and research partners.”
Hydrogen-powered passenger plane completes maiden flight
I guess this aircraft has been refitted with electric engines to provide propulsion. In the past small aircraft have been fitted with electric engines and batteries with plug in charging and are now commercially available but the aircraft in the article is much larger (and chunkier) so it will be interesting to see how this develops.
Garry