I think the confusion (tonne or $) is simply because for most commodities the royalty is expressed as a % - but in fact the miner does not give the state the actual mineral, but sells the state's minerals along with their own.
In each case there will be an agreement with the miner as to what costs are deducted, but normally these will not include mining costs. Low value minerals whose value depends very much on where they are often, as stated, have a $ royalty imposed.
John
John
JDNSW
1986 110 County 3.9 diesel
1970 2a 109 2.25 petrol
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