JFK Wondered Whether Control of U.S. Nuclear Weapons Assigned to NATO Allies “Actually Conformed to Law”
Italian Government Wanted “Control in the Use” of Any Nuclear Weapon on its Territory
U.S. Sought Permissive Action Links [PALs] to Prevent “an Ally Seizing a Weapon” or “a Psychotic Attempt to Fire One”


The U.S. Nuclear Presence in Western Europe, 1954-1962, Part II | National Security Archive