A standard defender has three differentials.
-One between front and rear propellor shafts (centre diff)
-One at the front between the half shafts/CVs (front diff)
-One at the rear between the half shafts (rear diff)
The rule of thumb for standard "differential action" is power will go preferentially to the point of LEAST load.
So if you say lift the front left wheel, then 100% of power will go first to front prop shaft then 100% power to front left wheel. Besides brake drag and some binding you shouldnt be able to drive off
SO in your case, if you blew up a CV (always possible) then all power would go to the point of least load (broken bits) and make a real clatter.
When you lock the centre diff then the power is evenly split 50% front prop 50% rear prop.
SO when you locked the centre diff, you were driving on half power to rear axle whilst the other half was busy mashing up CV, swivel and hub components.
Hope that helps.
Steve


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