The first concrete boats were built in the early nineteenth century, but became popular as an amateur built technique in the 1960s as someone else said. The advantage over other materials was the ability to make compound curves easily, potentially giving a better hull shape than other materials for one - offs. The material is also one of the few that is not damaged by total neglect, and if you aren't paying for labour, it is a cheap method of building. These are the positives.
On the negative side, it is very easy to get the plastering wrong and end up with a hull that allows water to penetrate and rust the reinforcing with disastrous results - you need to make absolutely sure that there are no ends of wire at the surface. Making the reinforcing structure is extremely labour intensive - the chicken wire needs to be tied to the rods every few inches, and the rods need to be welded at every crossing to prevent cracks. Satisfactory repairs are almost impossible - if the hull is damaged you need to cut out the damaged bit, chip out the concrete well back from the crack, and rebuild the damaged area from scratch. And even then it may not be successful.
On balance the negatives seem to have outweighed the positives, and with generally more prosperous society and increasing regulatory costs making the hull cost a smaller proportion of total cost, it becomes less attractive. Also the mass produced fibreglass boats "undercut" the market, particularly as they come on the market older and cheaper.
John
JDNSW
1986 110 County 3.9 diesel
1970 2a 109 2.25 petrol
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