You need triangular section sailmakers needles. These are in most sets of needles from anywhere that sells needles. Or you can get from a sailmaker or Ships Chandler or saddler. Size depends on the weight of canvas you are using. 
To get the needle through canvas of any thickness you need a sailmaker's palm. Only place I have ever found these is either a Ships Chandler or a sailmaker, so you have a problem if away from the coast. You will also probably need pliers to pull the needle through.  
Use polyester thread, preferably waxed, obtainable from Chandlers, sailmakers, saddlers and often from sewing shops or hardware stores. Thickness again depends on the canvas, but should be somewhat thicker than the threads in the canvas.
If you want to get really fancy, a pricking wheel can be bought to mark the stitches so you get them even - I just eyeball it!
I have done quite a bit of this, sail repairs and alterations, the latest being to convert a full length canvas to a 3/4 canvas on my 2a. It is slow if you are not used to doing it, and quite hard work if the canvas is heavy, but quite doable.
				
			 
			
		 
			
				
			
			
				John
JDNSW
1986 110 County 3.9 diesel
1970 2a 109 2.25 petrol
			
			
		 
	
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