
Originally Posted by
JDNSW
There are a lot of environmental contaminants that have seen widespread use, in some cases for centuries, and that are known to cause medical or developmental issues. Just a few of them, that are now regarded as highly dangerous, just from memory.
Lead
Used in plumbing at least from Roman times (which is where the word comes from), paint and cosmetics from ancient Egypt onwards, munitions from the Roman era, batteries since the 19th century, all sorts of engineering, including solders, alloys etc, and in the form of organic compounds, as an octane enhancer in petrol. Causes a wide variety of medical issues, and now regarded as dangerous if ingested, either directly or via plant or animal products. Lead solder is not permitted in many situations, with this enforced mainly over the last thirty years. Not allowed in paint, petrol, or some other uses, but use is still widespread
Mercury
Used in instrumentation since ancient Greece, chemical and refining processes since the eighteenth century, dentistry from the 1850s to the 1980s. Known to be dangerous in vapour form since about 1800. Soluble organic compounds very dangerous known since the 1950s. Now regarded as unsuitable if it can be contacted or possibly ingested by the public, but still widely used in industry.
Asbestos
Used to make fireproof fabric from antiquity, it became a major industrial product in the nineteenth century and the expanded to very widespread use in construction in the 20th century. It was known to be medical problem from industrial exposure to dust from early in the twentieth century, and by the 1950s was known as a carcinogen, but rarely resulting in cancer. Several factors seem to have resulted in this becoming more common. These include that these cancers take a long time to develop, so the population living longer is an issue. Another factor seems to be the change in the 1960s in the actual mineral used - there are two forms of asbestos, blue and white. Blue is decidedly more hazardous, but also more common. It was rarely used until about 1960. The other factor worth mentioning is the introduction of power tools to cut fibro sheeting dry. These ensure the operator works in a cloud of asbestos dust, which is very hazardous. (And a similar exists issue with silica - silicosis has been known for several centuries, but has spread from a few special industries where it was a workplace hazard, to become a risk for anyone using an angle grinder or similar to cut or polish stone or concrete dry.) Asbestos in no longer permitted to be used in new equipment or work in Australia and some other countries, being replaced by often less suitable materials.
The list could go on and on. One problem is that as the ability to measure very small concentrations improves, there is a tendency to further reduce the environmental levels that cause alarm, in some cases resulting in major expenditure for very doubtful benefit.
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