Just to move off the concentration on the US political scene -
Any money, whether it is metal or paper or plastic, is worth exactly as much (or little) as people think it is. Historically, societies as they moved from barter gradually to the concept of money, usually adopted something that was durable, and fairly rare (so you could get a lot of value, without a lot to lug around), which for most societies meant some sort of metal.
Coins were developed as a means of getting bits of metal with a standard weight, stamped with some sort of symbols to confirm this, so that you could do the shopping without having to carry round a set of scales and weights. But they depended on the value that society put on them. The metal used initially was in most cases silver. Gold was so rare that while it might be useful for buying a house or paying a ransom, you needed something worth less for everyday use. Pretty soon, copper, or more usually bronze was introduced as a lower value for similar amounts, and by the time of the later Roman Empire, was set at a fixed value of 12:1 against silver.
But the problem with any metal, or anything else for that matter, is the age old story of supply and demand. The amount of currency needed depends on two factors, population and economic activity. But the amount of metal available depends on the amount mined - and these two do not follow very closely.
So quite early governments found that they had to do something about it - usually this meant adding a little of a cheaper metal to the coin, so you got more solidus per libra of silver. Which worked, as long as the population believed it was still worth as much. But when people found out about it....... Monetary crises and reissuing new currency to replace old, seemed to happen about every generation from at least the start of the common era, although the rate of these crises seemed to decrease in the dark ages, probably because money was used a lot less!
By the 17th century, in Europe, the (ultimately Chinese) idea of printing notes as a promise to pay in metal was starting to catch on. Somewhere along the line, in the later medieval period, gold coins started to be used, as some people became very wealthy, and metals became effectively less valuable, especially as large quantities of gold and silver started to appear from the new world.
Of course, an ongoing issue was the relative value of metals - especially gold vs silver. This varied of course, until it was fixed at a constant figure in England (by the Mint Master, Isaac Newton, as it happens), effectively setting England on the gold standard. And many other countries followed suite.
But then, with Napoleonic wars needing to be paid for, the UK started printing a lot of notes, so that while they all said they could be redeemed in gold, almost none were - they were worth what people thought they were. And the actual value of the currency no longer was tied except conceptually to the currency.
By the mid 19th century, with booming international trade, and the UK becoming the world's supplier of manufactured goods, some countries effectively stabilised their currency by passing laws that said the government had to have the amount of gold their circulating currency said they had.
In the aftermath of WW1 this was more or less abandoned, with few exceptions, but a few countries tried it again during the Great Depression, and intermittently since.
But the point is, money is worth what people think it is, and commodities, including gold, have a value that depends on supply and demand, nothing else. There is nothing magic about gold, just it is durable, and rare, so that a lot of value can be concentrated in a small package.
John
JDNSW
1986 110 County 3.9 diesel
1970 2a 109 2.25 petrol
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