This is a selective catalytic process with monitoring as part of a closed loop chemical process. At a minimum it has a catalyst temperature sensor and an NOx sensor post-catalyst. Feed it water and the catalyst won't hit its temperature parameters and the NOx will skyrocket. The ECU will notice it's asking for A and getting B as a result.
This is why you'll use more fluid towing than highway driving. More load -> higher temperatures -> more NOx being generated and therefore working the catalyst harder.


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