The key difference is that excise (whether on petrol, diesel, LPG or alcohol or tobacco) is a Federal tax that does not go to roads (goes into consolidated revenue), and the RUC is a new State tax that is specific to EVs. And has to be seen as a money grab by the state "these people are avoiding spending money on fuel, and can afford an EV, so clearly have money to spend, let's get some of it".
The commonality is that both taxes are conceived as taxes on "luxuries" that are imposed on the wealthy on the basis that they can afford it. Of course, it is not only the wealthy that pay these, and in fact almost any tax that is worthwhile will affect most people whether directly or indirectly.
Up to now road costs have been recovered from motorists via a fixed annual charge by the state government, in NSW I think it is called a "Motor Vehicle tax" (which strangely applies to trailers as well even though they are not a motor vehicle). Some pundits see a usage charge based on mileage as a better system - but the major issue with it is that it is much more complex to collect and much more likely to gamed. And probably not justified for cars, as most road damage is from heavy vehicles - road impact rises roughly as the square of axle weight.
John
JDNSW
1986 110 County 3.9 diesel
1970 2a 109 2.25 petrol
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